U.S. Strategic Reach in the Middle East
Washington’s goals in the Middle East involve support for Israel, assuring oil flow, and ensuring political stability for economic growth.
Confronting the Multilateral Debt Burden
Multilateral debt, the result of lending by the International Financial Institutions (IFIs), is contributing to the economic and social crisis that is overtaking many Low Income Countries (LICs).
The Costs and Dangers of NATO Expansion
With the end of the cold war and the demise of the Soviet threat, NATO must find new rationales for its existence.
U.S. Panama Policy: Canal, Bases, and Dollars
A history of mutual dependence underlies U.S.-Panama foreign policy and accounts for the patterns of dominance and dependence in bilateral relations.
U.S.-Russian Relations: Avoiding a Cold Peace
The end of the cold war left U.S.-Russian relations in a state of volatile ambiguity.
International Financial Institutions
Immediately following World War II, the major capitalist powers, dominated by the U.S. and Britain, met at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire to establish multilateral institutions to manage the postwar restructuring and expansion of the global capitalist economy. Two international financial institutions (IFIs) emerged from the July 1944 meeting: the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
The Intelligence Apparatus
Created to collect information, the CIA quickly became embroiled in covertly upending governments and movements around the world in support of U.S. corporate and political goals.
U.S.-Iraq Policy: Recent Military Attacks
When Saddam Hussein ordered his tanks and more than 40,000 troops into the Kurdish city of Irbil on August 31, 1996, he offered President Clinton an apparent “win-win,” election-season opportunity.